1. 15715944 J Biochem Mol Biol. (2005)

• GLPG (Ganoderma lucidum proteoglycan) was a bioactive fraction obtained by the liquid fermentation of the mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum, EtOH precipitation, and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography.GLPG was a proteoglycan with a carbohydrate: protein ratio of 10.4: 1.
• Its antiviral activities against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) were investigated using a cytopathic inhibition assay.
• In order to study the mode of action of the antiviral activity of GLPG, cells were treated with GLPG before, during, and after infection, and viral titer in the supernatant of cell culture 48 h post-infection was determined using a TCID((50)) assay.
• The antiviral effects of GLPG were more remarkable before viral treatment than after treatment.

2. 15507347 J Ethnopharmacol. (2004)

• A bioactive fraction (GLPG) was extracted and purified from the mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum by EtOH precipitation and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography.
• Its antiviral activities against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) were investigated by the cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay in cell culture.
• In order to study the possible mode of action of the antiviral activity of GLPG, cells were treated with GLPG before, during and after infection, and the viral titers in the supernatant of cell culture 48 h post-infection were tested by TCID(50) assay.
• The antiviral effects in pre-treated and treated during virus infection with GLPG were more remarkable than the treatment of post-infection.

3. 14987072 J Nat Prod. (2004) Genes: BRM

• Numerous compounds from these fungi also display antiviral, cytotoxic, and/or antineoplastic activities.
• In fact many of the fungi mentioned in this paper have long been used in herbal medicine, including polypores such as Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi or Ling Zhi), Laetiporus sulphureus (Chicken-of-the-Woods), Trametes versicolor (Yun Zhi), Grifola umbellata (Zhu Lin), Inonotus obliquus (Chaga), and Wolfiporia cocos (Hoelen).

4. 10996289 J Ethnopharmacol. (2000)

• Two protein bound polysaccharides, a neutral protein bound polysaccharide (NPBP) and an acidic protein bound polysaccharide (APBP), were isolated from water soluble substances of Ganoderma lucidum by EtOH precipitation and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography.
• Their antiviral activities against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) were then investigated by plaque reduction assay.
• APBP exhibited more potent HSV-1 and HSV-2 antiviral activity than NPBP with 50% effective concentration (EC(50)) of 300-520 microg/ml.
• In order to examine the possible mode of the antiviral activity of APBP its virucidal effect, antiviral activity in preincubation, attachment and penetration assay were tested with HSV-1 and HSV-2.
• APBP did not induce IFN or IFN-like materials in vitro and is not expected to induce a change from a normal state to an antiviral state.

5. 10996285 J Ethnopharmacol. (2000)

• To investigate antiherpetic activity, an acidic protein bound polysaccharide (APBP) was isolated from carpophores of Ganoderma lucidum.
• APBP was tested for its antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) by plaque reduction assay in tissue culture.
• APBP showed potent antiviral activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2 in Vero cells at its 50% effective concentration (EC(50)) of 300 and 440 microg/ml, respectively.
• APBP exhibited a potent antiviral activity with selectivity index (SI) of more than 22.73.
• The combined antiherpetic effects of APBP with protein antiviral agents, interferon alpha (IFN alpha) and interferon gamma (IFN gamma), were examined on the multiplication of these two strains of herpesviruses in Vero cells by the combination assay.

6. 10967475 J Ethnopharmacol. (2000)

• To investigate antiherpetic activity, an acidic protein bound polysaccharide (APBP) was isolated from carpophores of Ganoderma lucidum.
• APBP was tested for its antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) by plaque reduction assay in tissue culture.
• APBP showed potent antiviral activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2 in Vero cells at its 50% effective concentration (EC(50)) of 300 and 440 microg/ml, respectively.
• APBP exhibited a potent antiviral activity with selectivity index (SI) of more than 22.73.

7. 10624876 J Ethnopharmacol. (1999)

• To investigate antiherpetic substances from Ganoderma lucidum, various protein bound polysaccharides, GLhw, GLhw-01, GLhw-02, GLhw-03, were isolated by activity-guided isolation from water soluble substances of the carpophores.
• These substances were examined for their antiviral activities against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) by plaque reduction assay in vitro.

8. 10624872 J Ethnopharmacol. (1999)

• In order to find antiviral substances from basidiomycetes, two water soluble substances, GLhw and GLlw, and eight methanol soluble substances, GLMe-1-8, were prepared from carpophores of Ganoderma lucidum.
• Antiviral activities were evaluated by the cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay and plaque reduction assay.
• GLMe-4 did not exhibit cytotoxicity up to 1000 microg/ml, while it exhibited potent antiviral activity on the VSV New Jersey strain with an SI of more than 5.43.
• These results indicate the possibility of development of antiviral agents from basidiomycetous fungi.

9. 9987601 Crit Rev Immunol. (1999)

• This review highlights some of the recently isolated and identified substances of higher Basidiomycetes mushrooms origin that express promising antitumor, immune modulating, cardiovascular and hypercholesterolemia, antiviral, antibacterial, and antiparasitic effects.
• In Japan, Russia, China, and the U.S.A. several different polysaccharide antitumor agents have been developed from the fruiting body, mycelia, and culture medium of various medicinal mushrooms (Lentinus edodes, Ganoderma lucidum, Schizophyllum commune, Trametes versicolor, Inonotus obliquus, and Flammulina velutipes).